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Susanne Horn et al EPL Further, LSCs provide the foundation upon which superstructures, the largest observable features in convective systems, are formed. In confined cylindrical geometries with diameter-to-height aspect ratios of , LSC dynamics are known to be governed by a quasi-two-dimensional, coupled horizontal sloshing and torsional ST oscillatory mode. Here, we use dynamic mode decomposition DMD on direct numerical simulation data of liquid metal to show that both types of modes co-exist in and cylinders but with opposite dynamical importance.

Furthermore, with this analysis, we demonstrate that ST oscillations originate from a tilted elliptical mean flow superposed with a symmetric higher-order mode, which is connected to the four rolls in the plane perpendicular to the LSC in tanks. In avalanches of runaway electrons, which are formed in high-altitude atmospheric discharges, the average electron energy is several megaelectronvolts. For such high-energy electrons, the loss of energy by bremsstrahlung is significant when they collide with gas atoms.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bremsstrahlung on the exponential growth length of a runaway electron avalanche. It has been shown that taking account of the bremsstrahlung produced by the electrons of an avalanche gives corrections of no more than a few percent to the avalanche exponential growth length. The corrections are maximum for electric field strengths close to the threshold below which the avalanche electrons fail to become continuously accelerated.

The effect of bremsstrahlung decreases with increasing electric field strength. The higher the atomic number of the gas in which an avalanche of runaway electrons propagates, the greater the corrections. Marino et al EPL We study a system of two atomic quantum kicked rotors with hard-core interaction. This system shows different dynamical behavior depending on the value of the kick period.

In particular, we find that for periods close to resonance, the system shows a crossover from quantum resonance to dynamical localization.

We characterize this crossover by the analysis of momenta distribution and density probability function in the configuration space, and discuss the role of the hard-core interaction on the dynamical localization by comparing it to the free-bosons case. In particular we note that dynamical localization of the center of mass persists even in the presence of strong interaction among the atoms.

Some experimental proposals are also discussed. We develop an effective scheme for implementing error-insensitive population transfer in a three-level system qutrit by invariant-based shortcuts with optimized drivings. Based on the method of inverse engineering, target population transfers can be performed in a shortcut manner. Taking into account the deviation errors and then optimizing the coherent drivings, we can improve the target population transfers to be insensitive to deviations of frequency detuning or Rabi coupling.

Particularly, with an appropriate choice of coherent drivings, our scheme could be insensitive to these two kinds of errors simultaneously. As one of the potential applications, our scheme may remove the control errors of quantum operations on superconducting artificial atoms. By combining shortcuts to adiabaticity with optimal control, the protocol could offer a promising avenue to explore fast and robust quantum information processing experimentally.

Cabot et al EPL We consider a one-dimensional 1D array of coupled quantum harmonic oscillators of arbitrary size in the presence of staggered losses.

The dynamics of the system is analyzed thoroughly, through exact solutions in which exceptional points EPs are found to greatly impact the system dynamics. In particular, different dynamical regimes arise due to the progressive emergence of EPs varying the interaction strength, also allowing for single frequency emission of all array components.

Signatures of these regimes are found in the decay dynamics of the system, in the transmission and fluctuation spectra, and in the emergence of frequency windows where resonant absorption and emission are strongly inhibited because of interference effects. Tobalina et al EPL We assess the energy cost of shortcuts to adiabatic expansions or compressions of a harmonic oscillator, the power strokes of a quantum Otto engine.

Difficulties to identify the cost stem from the interplay between different parts of the total system the primary system —the particle— and the control system and definitions of work exclusive and inclusive. While attention is usually paid to the inclusive work of the microscopic primary system, we identify the energy cost as the exclusive work of the total system, which, for a clear-cut scale disparity between a microscopic primary system and a macroscopic control system, coincides with the exclusive work for the control system alone.

Our working horse model is an engine based on an ion in a Paul trap with power strokes designed via shortcuts to adiabaticity. Opposite to the paradigm of slow-cycle reversible engines with vanishing power and maximal efficiency, this fast-cycle engine increases the microscopic power at the price of a vanishing efficiency. The Paul trap fixes the gauge for the primary system, resulting in a counterintuitive evolution of its inclusive power and internal energy. Conditions for which inclusive power of the primary system and exclusive power control system are proportional are found.

Emmanuel Pereira EPL This mini-review addresses a bedrock problem for the advance of phononics: the building of feasible and efficient thermal diodes. We revisit investigations in classical and quantum systems. For the classical anharmonic chains of oscillators, the most used model for the study of heat conduction in insulating solids, we recall the ubiquitous occurrence of thermal rectification in graded systems, and we show that the match between graded structures and long-range interactions is an efficient mechanism to increase the rectification factor.

For the cases of genuine quantum models, we present the spin chains, such as the open XXZ model, as profitable systems for the occurrence of thermal rectification and other interesting related properties. In particular, we describe two cases of perfect diodes: one for the spin current, in a two-segmented XXZ model, and another one for the heat current in a simple quantum Ising model with long-range interactions. We believe that such results involving interesting rectification properties in simple models will stimulate more theoretical and experimental investigations on the subject.

Liquid crystals subjected to modulated surface alignment assemble into metasurface-type structures capable of various flat-optical functionalities, including light diffraction and focusing, deflection and splitting.

Remaining in a fluid phase, they are susceptible to external stimuli, and, in particular, can be efficiently controled by low voltages. We overview the existing approaches to the design and fabrication of liquid-crystal metasurfaces, highlight their realized optical functions and discuss the applied potential in emerging photonic devices.

The hole probability, i. We compute analytically this probability P R for a sphere of radius R in the case of N noninteracting fermions in their ground state in a d-dimensional trapping potential.

Using a connection to the Laguerre-Wishart ensembles of random matrices, we show that, for large N and in the bulk of the Fermi gas, P R is described by a universal scaling function of kF R, for which we obtain an exact formula kF being the local Fermi wave-vector.

When R is of the order of the radius of the Fermi gas, the hole probability is described by a large deviation form which is not universal and which we compute exactly for the harmonic potential. Similar results also hold in momentum space. Identifying the influential nodes in network is essential for network dynamic analysis. In this letter, inspired by the gravity model, we present an improved gravity model EDGM to identify the influential nodes in network through the effective distance.

Firstly, we calculate the degree of nodes. Then we construct the effective distance combined with the interaction frequency between nodes, so as to establish the effective distance gravity model. The results show that the improved gravity model could effectively identify the influential nodes in network.

The Cohen-Kaplan-Nelson bound is imposed on the grounds of logical consistency with classical General Relativity upon local quantum field theories. This paper puts the bound into the context of a thermodynamic principle applicable to a field with a particular equation of state in an expanding universe. This is achieved without overtly appealing to either a decreasing density of states or a minimum coupling requirement, though they might still be consistent with the results described.

We do so by defining an appropriate Helmholtz free energy which when extremized relative to a key parameter the Hubble radius L provides a scaling formula for the entropy with the Hubble radius an exponent r used in the text. The paper establishes that the holographic principle applied to cosmology is consistent with minimizing the free energy of the universe in the canonical ensemble, upon the assumption that the ultraviolet cutoff is a function of the causal horizon scale.

Thermoelectric performance of MoSi 2 As 4 monolayer is investigated using density functional theory combined with Boltzmann transport theoy. The lattice thermal conductivity is less than 30 W m -1 K -1 above K. The thermoelectric figure of merit can reach 0. Thus, the p-type MoSi 2 As 4 monolayer is predicted to be a potential candidate for high-temperature thermoelectric applications.

Matteo Madonia et al EPL These flows display extreme values of the governing parameters: large Rayleigh numbers Ra , quantifying the strength of thermal forcing, and small Ekman numbers E , a parameter inversely proportional to the rotation rate. This leads to the dominant geostrophic balance of forces in the flow between pressure gradient and Coriolis force. The so-called geostrophic regime of rotating convection is difficult to study with laboratory experiments and numerical simulations given the requirements to attain simultaneously large Ra values and small values of E.

Here, we use flow measurements using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry in a large-scale rotating convection apparatus in a horizontal plane at mid-height to study the rich flow phenomenology of the geostrophic regime of rotating convection. We quantify the horizontal length scales of the flow using spatial correlations of vertical velocity and vertical vorticity, reproducing features of the convective Taylor columns and plumes flow states both part of the geostrophic regime.

Additionally, we find in this horizontal plane an organisation into a quadrupolar vortex at higher Rayleigh numbers starting from the plumes state. Wheeler et al EPL We study the relaxation dynamics of quantum turbulence in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate containing half-quantum vortices.

We find a temporal scaling regime for the number of vortices and the correlation lengths that at early times is strongly dependent on the relative strength of the inter-species interaction. At later times we find that the scaling becomes universal, independent of the inter-species interaction, and approaches that numerically observed in a scalar Bose-Einstein condensate.

Robert Hartmann et al EPL Here, by performing direct numerical simulations, we answer the question how the shape of the RB cell affects this enhancement.

We compare three different geometries: a box with rectangular base i. In all cases the confinement can be described by the same confinement parameter , given as height-over-width aspect ratio.

The explored parameter range is , for the Rayleigh number, and a Prandtl number of. We find that both the optimal confinement parameter for maximal heat transfer and the actual heat transfer enhancement strongly depend on the cell geometry.

The differences can be explained by the formation of different vertically coherent flow structures within the specific geometries. The enhancement is largest in the cylindrical cell, owing to the formation of a domain-spanning flow structure at the optimal confinement parameter. Zilong Zhao EPL Entertainment news caters to people's desires for leisure and gossip. Recently, with the Internet popularization, the online social network has become a convenient platform for netizens to receive and spread entertainment news.

Previous study efforts of entertainment news focused on analyzing the psychological background and the economic significance of entertainment news. However, little attention was paid to realistic propagation structure features of entertainment news, which reflect the essential propagation mechanisms. This research analyzes different types of news in the online social network, and entertainment news and other news are compared with respect to different structural features.

It is found that entertainment news propagates with more indirect re-postings and a polycentric structure. These unique characteristics are stable for different stages of propagation. This structural feature offers us a better understanding of entertainment propagation and may inspire the further analysis of entertainment news based on the propagation trace.

Ulf Leonhardt EPL Gibbons and Hawking Phys. D , 15 have shown that the horizon of de Sitter space emits radiation in the same way as the event horizon of the black hole. But actual cosmological horizons are not event horizons, except in de Sitter space.

Nevertheless, this paper proves Gibbons' and Hawking's radiation formula as an exact result for any flat space expanding with strictly positive Hubble parameter. The paper gives visual and intuitive insight into why this is the case. The paper also indicates how cosmological horizons are related to the dynamical Casimir effect, which makes experimental tests with laboratory analogues possible.

Mughal et al EPL Examples of bifurcation diagrams are presented for a chain of hard spheres under compression, which are confined by a transverse potential. The diagrams are modified in the presence of an axial force and show interesting topological rearrangements due to the reconnection of loci of different equilibrium solutions.

The corresponding Peierls-Nabarro potential is defined and calculated for various values of compression. This relatively tractable and transparent system can illustrate in detail the general features of such a potential and its relation to experiment.

Twan J. Wilting et al EPL The mechanics of adherent sheets is central to applications ranging from patching a band aid, coating technology, to the breakthrough discovery of peeling graphene flakes using sticky tape.

These processes are often hindered by the formation of blisters and loops, which are notoriously difficult to remove. Here we describe and explain a remarkable phenomenon that arises when one attempts to remove a loop in a self-adherent sheet that is formed by, e. One would expect the loop to simply unloop when pulling on its free ends.

Surprisingly, however, the loop does not immediately open up but shrinks in size, held together by a tenuous contact region that propagates along the tape. This adhesive contact region only ruptures once the loop is reduced to a critical size. We experimentally show that the loop-shrinkage results from an interaction between the peeling front and the loop, across the contact zone. This new type of interaction falls outside the realm of the classical elastica theory and is responsible for a highly nonlinear increase in the peeling force.

Our results reveal and quantify the increased force required to remove loops in self-adherent media, which is of importance for blister removal and exfoliation of graphene sheets. Ole L. Trinhammer EPL The finite, non-zero mean square neutron charge radius is understood in the present work to have a topological origin from an intrinsic neutron configuration in the Lie group U 3. We introduce up and down quark orbits in the configuration for the neutron mass eigenstate.

Andrzej Syrwid et al EPL We analyze time crystal effects in a finite system of bosons which form a bright soliton clump on the Aharonov-Bohm ring. Here, we show that while the spontaneous formation of a moving soliton in the ground state can occur for , the soliton decays before it makes a single revolution along the ring and the time crystal dynamics is impossible.

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To find out more, see our Privacy and Cookies policy. Close this notification. Visit www. A Letters journal serving all areas of physics and its related fields, EPL publishes the highest quality research from around the world, and provides authors with fast, fair and constructive peer review thanks to an Editorial Board of active scientists, who are experts in their respective fields.

Submit an article opens in new tab RSS. Sign up for new issue notifications. Current volume Number 2, October Number 1, October The Best Liverpool Podcast. On this episode; is Aaron Ramsdale still the must have GK? Are Tottenham defenders the way to go? Who are the best Mo Salah alternatives? Should you keep the faith with Cristiano Ronaldo?

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